Thursday, April 24, 2008

Cosco Shooting Star Candlestick Chart Pattern


Potential Shooting Star reversal pattern will weaken momentum. The last time this pattern appeared was on 31 st March 2008 . On 1st April 2008 a clone hammer candlestick chart pattern formed and finally on 2nd April 2008 a narrow range spinning top marked the ended of that uptrend swing wave. The current shooting star candlestick chart pattern tested the 50 days EMA resistance line and retreated back to close below it. A breakout above this resistance line will nullify the shooting star candlestick pattern and propel price towards next resistance at $3.74 . However, if the next candlestick bar is weak price will retest the support at $3.34 which is near the 20 day EMA support line.

Cosco 15 mins chart testing 50 EMA support


Blue uptrend support broken. Now testing 50 EMA support line. Gap support at $3.53 . Watch for potential rebounce from 50 EMA support. Support failure at gap support $3.53 will signal reduce uptrend momentum .

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DNA chain:

C pairs with G and T pairs with A

There are only four molecules in the DNA chain: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T) and cytosine (C). These As, Cs, Ts and Gs are also called "bases." These four molecules partner: C partners with G and T partners with A. Pairing is a natural state for DNA and if you pulled the double helix apart, it would inevitably move back together, like two long chains of magnets that are attracted to each other.







http://www.affymetrix.com/corporate/media/genechip_essentials/dna_review/C_pairs_with_G_and_T_pairs_with_A.affx

Biomedical Enabling Technologies

Biomedical research evolves and advances not only through the compilation of knowledge but also through the development of new technologies. Using traditional methods to assay gene expression, researchers were able to survey a relatively small number of genes at a time. The emergence of new tools enables researchers to address previously intractable problems and to uncover novel potential targets for therapies. Microarrays allow scientists to analyze expression of many genes in a single experiment quickly and efficiently. They represent a major methodological advance and illustrate how the advent of new technologies provides powerful tools for researchers. Scientists are using microarray technology to try to understand fundamental aspects of growth and development as well as to explore the underlying genetic causes of many human diseases

A microarray is a tool for analyzing gene expression that consists of a small membrane or glass slide containing samples of many genes arranged in a regular pattern.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/microarrays.html

What is a chromosome?

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Chromosomes are not visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly packed during cell division and is then visible under a microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division.

Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.

DNA and histone proteins are packaged into structures called chromosomes.

DNA and histone proteins are packaged into structures called chromosomes.



http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/chromosome

DNA Base pairing

Each type of base on one strand forms a bond with just one type of base on the other strand. This is called complementary base pairing. Here, purines form hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines, with A bonding only to T, and C bonding only to G. This arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix is called a base pair. The double helix is also stabilized by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking, which are not influenced by the sequence of the DNA.[12] As hydrogen bonds are not covalent, they can be broken and rejoined relatively easily. The two strands of DNA in a double helix can therefore be pulled apart like a zipper, either by a mechanical force or high temperature.[13] As a result of this complementarity, all the information in the double-stranded sequence of a DNA helix is duplicated on each strand, which is vital in DNA replication. Indeed, this reversible and specific interaction between complementary base pairs is critical for all the functions of DNA in living organisms.[1]

Top, a GC base pair with three hydrogen bonds. Bottom, an AT base pair with two hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.
The two types of base pairs form different numbers of hydrogen bonds, AT forming two hydrogen bonds, and GC forming three hydrogen bonds (see figures, left). The GC base pair is therefore stronger than the AT base pair. As a result, it is both the percentage of GC base pairs and the overall length of a DNA double helix that determine the strength of the association between the two strands of DNA. Long DNA helices with a high GC content have stronger-interacting strands, while short helices with high AT content have weaker-interacting strands.[14] In biology, parts of the DNA double helix that need to separate easily, such as the TATAAT Pribnow box in some promoters, tend to have a high AT content, making the strands easier to pull apart.[15] In the laboratory, the strength of this interaction can be measured by finding the temperature required to break the hydrogen bonds, their melting temperature (also called Tm value). When all the base pairs in a DNA double helix melt, the strands separate and exist in solution as two entirely independent molecules. These single-stranded DNA molecules have no single common shape, but some conformations are more stable than others

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA