"Investing in KLSE Stocks and Futures with Japanese Candlestick Techniques" Fred Tam's 3rd book - 2001)

Contents

Part 1	BASIC CANDLESTICK TECHNIQUES
1	INTRODUCTION Historical background Reasons why candlesticks are so popular Construction of the candlestick chart The real body and shadow Construction of a bar chart
2	SINGLE CANDLE TYPES Basis candlestick formation Size, location and colour Ten white candle types and their interpretations Ten black candle types and their interpretations The Doji
3	THE UMBRELLA GROUP Hammer, hanging man Inverted hammer and shooting star
4	REVERSAL PATTERNS Introduction Best time to rely on reversal patterns Index of reversal patterns
5	CONTINUATION PATTERNS Introduction Index of continuation patterns
6	SUMMARIZING PART 1 Candlesticks as a standalone technique Candlesticks with technical indicators Part 1 Conclusion
Part 2	ADVANCE CANDLESTICK TECHNIQUES
7	FILTERING WITH WESTERN INDICATORS The The rule of multiple techniques Using daily, weekly or monthly chart The moving average MACD Relative strength index Stochastic Momentum Percent Directional movement index Commodity channel index Volume Bollinger bands Elliott Waves
8	P.I. SYSTEM TRADER Introduction P.I. System Trader mimics candlesticks Trading Rules for P.I. System Trader Advantage of P.I. System Trader
9	SAKATA'S FIVE METHODS Sakata's constitution The Japanese method of three Sanzan (Three mountains) Sansen (Three rivers) Sanku (Three gaps) Sanpei (Three parallel lines) Sanpo (Three methods) Conclusio
10	COMPUTERIZED CANDLESTICK FORECASTING Introduction The Candlestick Forecaster software The engine of the Candlestick Forecaster CSF chart examples showing "Pop-up" Windows The CSF scanning ability - CandleWatch How to purchase The Candlestick Forecaster
11	CONCLUSION - FACTS ABOUT CANDLESTICKS

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Overview of DNA biological functions

DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell makes up its genome; the human genome has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA arranged into 46 chromosomes.^[53] The information carried by DNA is held in the sequence of pieces of DNA called genes. Transmission of genetic information in genes is achieved via complementary base pairing. For example, in transcription, when a cell uses the information in a gene, the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence through the attraction between the DNA and the correct RNA nucleotides. Usually, this RNA copy is then used to make a matching protein sequence in a process called translation which depends on the same interaction between RNA nucleotides. Alternatively, a cell may simply copy its genetic information in a process called DNA replication. The details of these functions are covered in other articles; here we focus on the interactions between DNA and other molecules that mediate the function of the genome.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

Making Protein from RNA

The RNA copy of the gene now serves as a template for making proteins, much in the same way DNA was a template for making RNA. This process is called "translation" because the RNA molecules are translated into proteins, composed of 20 different amino acids, such as Methionine (Met), Proline (Pro), Asparagine (Asn), Arginine (Arg) and Threonine (Thr).

http://www.affymetrix.com/corporate/media/genechip_essentials/dna_review/Making_Protein_from_RNA.affx

Types of Microarrays

There are three basic types of samples that can be used to construct DNA microarrays, two are genomic and the other is "transcriptomic", that is, it measures mRNA levels. What makes them different from each other is the kind of immobilized DNA used to generate the array and, ultimately, the kind of information that is derived from the chip. The target DNA used will also determine the type of control and sample DNA that is used in the hybridization solution.

Changes in Gene Expression Levels

Determining the level, or volume, at which a certain gene is expressed is called microarray expression analysis, and the arrays used in this kind of analysis are called "expression chips". The immobilized DNA is cDNA derived from the mRNA of known genes, and once again, at least in some experiments, the control and sample DNA hybridized to the chip is cDNA derived from the mRNA of normal and diseased tissue, respectively. If a gene is overexpressed in a certain disease state, then more sample cDNA, as compared to control cDNA, will hybridize to the spot representing that expressed gene. In turn, the spot will fluoresce red with greater intensity than it will fluoresce green. Once researchers have characterized the expression patterns of various genes involved in many diseases, cDNA derived from diseased tissue from any individual can be hybridized to determine whether the expression pattern of the gene from the individual matches the expression pattern of a known disease. If this is the case, treatment appropriate for that disease can be initiated.

As researchers use expression chips to detect expression patterns— whether a particular gene(s) is being expressed more or less under certain circumstances—expression chips may also be used to examine changes in gene expression over a given period of time, such as within the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a molecualr network that determines, in the normal cell, if the cell should pass through its life cycle. There are a variety of genes involved in regulating the stages of the cell cycle. Also built into this network are mechanisms designed to protect the body when this system fails or breaks down because of mutations within one of the "control genes", as is the case with cancerous cell growth. An expression microarray "experiment" could be designed where cell cycle data are generated in multiple arrays and referenced to time "zero". Analysis of the collected data could further elucidate details of the cell cycle and its "clock", providing much needed data on the points at which gene mutation leads to cancerous growth as well as sources of therapeutic intervention.

In the same way, expression chips can be used to develop new drugs. For instance, if a certain gene is overexpressed in a particular form of cancer, researchers can use expression chips to see if a new drug will reduce overexpression and force the cancer into remission. Expression chips could also be used in disease diagnosis as well, e.g., in the identification of new genes involved in environmentally triggered diseases, such as those diseases affecting the immune, nervous, and pulmonary/respiratory systems.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/microarrays.html

How do genes control the growth and division of cells?

A variety of genes are involved in the control of cell growth and division. The cell cycle is the cell’s way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. Tight regulation of this process ensures that a dividing cell’s DNA is copied properly, any errors in the DNA are repaired, and each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. The cycle has checkpoints (also called restriction points), which allow certain genes to check for mistakes and halt the cycle for repairs if something goes wrong.

If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) (illustration). Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells it doesn’t need. Cells that undergo apoptosis break apart and are recycled by a type of white blood cell called a macrophage (illustration). Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues.

Cancer results from a disruption of the normal regulation of the cell cycle. When the cycle proceeds without control, cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic defects that can lead to a cancerous tumor

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/genesanddivision